June 30, 2002
如何用Postfix取代Qmail呢？
qmail自1998年以来，DJB一直都没有任何更新，他认为qmail已经足够好了。可实际却不尽然。在邮件列表上，经常有不少人抱怨qmail，诸如要吃这样那样的补丁，补丁的不兼容，功能不够等等。
以下是在邮件列表上关于这个话题的一些精选内容：
一个人问：
========
I've been using qmail for a couple years, mainly installing it in
ISPs. It has a lot of features. But sometimes, it stops working,
without any hint. And support it's not so easy as other open source
projects, specially because the logs didn't show what is really
happening.
I've heard good opinions about Postfix and expect start using it instead of
qmail. But I have some minimum requirements to be able to switch.
My usual setup is:
1) qmail 1.03 without patches
Consequences:
--one unix user for each account
--maildir incredible performance
--pop and smtp in same package
--sendmail command line compatible
2) vpopmail with mysql support
Consequences:
--very easy virtual domains administration
--one unix user for all thousands account users
--all virtual domains are Mysql tables
--all virtual users em Mysql database
3) qmailadmin/autorespond/ezmlm Web Interface
Consequences:
--web admin interface to manage users, forwards, aliases, mailing lists
--web interface for users to change their passwords
--web interface for users to change vacation/forwards
--every domain owner can deal with their accounts
4) IMAP with all above support
-- Very dificult to implement
Except for item 4, I can setup all this using a plain RH 7.x base install,
some RPMs (mysql, gcc, apache, and few others) and items 1-3 compiling from
the tar.gz files, in a couple hours. Ie, no complicated configs,
compilings, etc.
If someone who is using Postfix and was a qmail user and have time to
discuss this, I will appreciate.
I don't want to start a flame war about this. I just want to discuss
technically the previous aspects.
Thanks everyone.
-Gilson
有一个人回答到：
====================================================================
all of the *features* you use are available with postfix (and more), but
the mechanisms are different. but that's part of the point, isn't it?
if you install postfix + parts of courier (especially courier-maildrop
courier-pop, courier-imap, and sqwebmail) then you will have a mail
server which can do system and/or virtual users, pop, imap, and webmail.
there are SSL encryption options for postfix, courier imap & courier pop
and, of course, any webmail service can (and probably should) be run on
a https server.
you can configure postfix and/or courier to get account details from
system files (/etc/passwd, nsswitch, pam) AND/OR from mysql, postgres,
hashed db map files or whatever you like.
the last remaining piece is the mailing list manager. the one that
probably comes closest to ezmlm's functionality would be GNU MailMan
(www.list.org), followed closely by ecartis (aka "listar") at
www.ecartis.org. neither are identical to ezmlm, but they do a
comparable job.
> Except for item 4, I can setup all this using a plain RH 7.x base
> install, some RPMs (mysql, gcc, apache, and few others) and items 1-3
> compiling from the tar.gz files, in a couple hours. Ie, no
> complicated configs, compilings, etc.
all of the above can be installed and configured easily on a debian box
just by apt-getting a handful of packages. dunno about RH, but i would
assume that packages are available for RH too (if not in RH itself, then
in contrib packages...which are of notoriously variable quality, some
are excellent, some are very poor).
my strongest recomendation would have to be to build a test machine and
install postfix and all of the above packages, and play with it for a
few days or a few weeks. my bet is that you will become a postfix
convert in short order :-), postfix really sells itself, especially to
experienced mail systems administrators who can easily see the benefits.
if you do switch to postfix, you will have to plan the transition very
carefully - changing MTA is not something to be undertaken lightly.
there are some significant conceptual differences to the way qmail works
and the way postfix (or any other MTA for that matter) works. qmail
tends to expect you to do everything DJB's One True Way, whether you
like it or not...other MTAs like postfix tend to be far more flexible.
also, most MTAs other than qmail have some core similarities because
they all provide some level of backwards-compatibility (or at least an
easy migration path) with sendmail. qmail really is the odd one out.
i say these things as statements of fact, not in an attempt to disparage
qmail...although i am obviously biased towards postfix. i've been using
postfix for several years now. i had previously used qmail for a few
years (and sendmail and smail and others for years before that). i
would never switch back to any of the others.
craig
Posted by hzqbbc at 12:40 AM | Comments (0)
June 29, 2002
Postfix实现转发/自动回复
在系统用户(Unix account)的$HOME下建立.forward文件，内容：
user@your-forward-mail-address
同时chmod 0640 .forward
小心的是属性为：user.usergroup
注意在/etc/postfix/main.cf中myhostname 加多一行，例如：
myhostname = smtp.hzqbbc.com myhostname = smtp.otherdomain.org
然后在mydestination后加要forward的域就基本可以了。
在postfix的maillist里提到实现如何转发时给自己留备份，或转发并删除的讨论：
Google group discuss
Message 13 in thread
寄件者："Renato A. Q. Salles" (linuxbr@onda.com.br)
主旨：RE: forwards
新闻群组：mailing.postfix.users
View this article only
日期：2002-06-27 21:16:20 PST
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1
$ pico .forward
Put on the first line, without hitting enter, the email address you wish to have
your mail forwarded to:
me@counterexample.com
If you wish to forward just to another user whose account is @example.com,
you would just enter:
ernie
If you wish to leave a copy for yourself, but also forward a message, be sure
to put a backslash in front of your username so as to avoid infinite forwarding
loops. Use a comma between addresses:
\me, me@counterexample.com
To delete mail so that no one gets it:
/dev/null
To delete mail and send an autoreply (see the vacation page for other
requirements of sending autoreplies)
/dev/null, "│vacation andrew"
Source: Google
Posted by hzqbbc at 05:00 PM | Comments (0)